All trauma patients with pre-existing mental health illness, presence of physical illnesses and psychopathologies unrelated to the accident and vulnerable population (pregnant women and children) were excluded from the study. The inclusion criteria comprised of adult trauma patients who were directly involved in traumatic injuries and admitted for a minimum of one day have ability to provide written informed consent with a Glasgow coma scale of 15 and can be assessed with the PCL-5 checklist after 4 weeks post-injury. It is also important because it brings out the significant need for early screening and psychological care of patients who sustained traumatic injuries.Ī hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted to include traumatic injury patients admitted at the Level 1 Trauma Center, at Hamad general hospital between September 2017 and September 2018. This study aims to determine the predominantly distressing cluster and individual symptoms of PTSD at the clinical and subthreshold level and their relationship with different mechanism of injury (MOI) at a level 1trauma center. Such focused understanding of symptom clusters can make the psychological treatment of patients very specific for different types of injuries. ![]() Secondly, most researches on patients with traumatic injuries have focused on studying the prevalence of clinical PTSD and the individual symptoms, however, focused studies on the cluster symptom of these patients who are subthreshold or positive for PTSD, are lacking. It has been observed clinically that sometimes these symptoms can cause substantial distress and have a great impact on lives of individuals who have undergone traumatic injuries. A research gap has been noticed when it comes to identifying the symptoms in trauma patients that are subthreshold for PTSD. Still, more studies on civilian population are needed to identify the clinical and subthreshold PTSD symptoms in patients based on the type and mechanism of traumatic injuries. Currently, there is a growing body of literature on trauma and PTSD in the civilian population from the Middle East region which attracts much attention. ![]() There are many studies which have explored the prevalence and impact of PTSD in patients with traumatic injuries from the western region. Association of the predominant symptoms/symptom clusters with different traumatic injuries could be useful to guide the selective psychological interventions based on the mechanisms of traumatic event. The model for clustering PTSD symptoms is found to have optimum stability across different types of traumatic injuries. Īccording to the DSM-5 criteria, symptoms of PTSD can be grouped into four clusters namely intrusion or re-experiencing symptoms, avoidance and numbing symptoms, negative alterations in mood or cognitions and hyperarousal symptoms. Patient with subthreshold or subclinical PTSD can also be impacted by various symptoms which are associated with elevated levels of distress, impaired interpersonal and occupational functionality however, such patients have better response to treatment as compared to those who have clinical PTSD. The primary symptoms of PTSD such as avoidance, intrusions, flashbacks, difficulty in concentration, and mood and behavioral change can jeopardize the personal and professional life of an individual. It has been included under the category of “ Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders” in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Such terrifying event after some time can lead to a potentially chronic and debilitating psychiatric disorder referred as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). ![]() Interestingly, a personal experience of trauma, witnessing a traumatic event or traumatic injury sustained by a close family member may directly or indirectly have psychological impact on the individual. Psychological symptoms of trauma associated with traumatic injuries are often missed or discounted when patients are clinically evaluated. Recovery from such trauma may take a long time and is often an incomplete process. Psychological stress following a traumatic injury can influence the patient health, well-being and quality of life.
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